How to Install GNOME on Ubuntu 22.04 and Connect via xRDP and VNC

Introduction

GNOME is a free desktop environment for UNIX-like distributions. Consider installing on a clean vStack Cloud server. Let's choose the minimum requirements.

Preparing for installation

To install the desktop environment, choose Ubuntu 22.04. Initial system setup as in our instruction.

Cloud Servers from $5 / moIntel Xeon Gold 6254 3.1 GHz CPU, SLA 99,9%, 100 Mbps channelTry

MobaXterm – an utility for various types of connection to the server, also considers connecting using VNC.

Updating packages

Update the package and software package index with the following command:

Installing GNOME on Ubuntu

The ubuntu-gnome-desktop package requires a minimum of 2.5 GB of free space on the system. The package is installed as follows:

The installation process begins, and depending on the speed, the package is downloaded.
After installing the working environment, install xRDP according to our guide to xRDP installation.
If you are unable to log in with a regular user, it is recommended that you set a password for root by connecting via SSH and restarting the xRDP service.
Let's set up the desktop as follows, start the installation as in Screen 1.

If you can't connect via xRDP. You must set the password for the root user by logging in through the root user and use the command:

Let's choose the keyboard layout as in Screen 2:

Let's turn off the agreement with the transfer of data to applications requiring geolocation, as shown in Screen 3:

The result is about setting up the working environment as shown in Screen 4, the result is successful:

To check system information, check with the command:

According to Screen 5:

Let's try to install a web browser using the command:

After installation, launch the browser using the command line:

The result is shown in Figure 6:

To configure VNC, using our instruction.
When logging in via VNC via MobaXterm, we will add a session with our IP address and specify the port depending on the assignment after starting vncserver. Click “OK” and log in as shown in Screen 7:

The result of connecting using VNC is shown in Figure 8:

Conclusion

In this guide we looked through:

• Installing the GNOME desktop on Ubuntu 22.04.
• Connect using xRDP and VNC using the built-in Windows “Remote Desktop Connection” utility and the MobaXterm utility.

As a result, connecting to xRDP is the most efficient. For example, xRDP has the ability to launch a command line, but VNC does not.

FAQ

• Q: What is GNOME and why install it on Ubuntu 22.04?
  A: GNOME is a popular free desktop environment for UNIX-like systems. Installing it on Ubuntu 22.04 server provides a graphical interface to simplify system management and user interaction.
• Q: How much disk space do I need to install GNOME on Ubuntu 22.04?
  A: The ubuntu-gnome-desktop package requires at least 2.5 GB of free disk space for a successful installation.
• Q: What is xRDP and why use it?
  A: xRDP is a remote desktop protocol server that allows you to connect to the Ubuntu desktop environment remotely using standard Remote Desktop clients, providing efficient GUI access.
• Q: How can I fix login issues with xRDP?
  A: If you cannot log in via xRDP with a regular user, set a password for the root user via SSH and restart the xRDP service. Use the command passwd to set the password.
• Q: What tools can I use to connect to Ubuntu's GNOME desktop remotely?
  A: You can use Windows built-in Remote Desktop Connection to connect via xRDP, or MobaXterm to connect using either xRDP or VNC protocols.
• Q: What are the differences between xRDP and VNC?
  A: xRDP allows command line launching and generally provides better integration with the desktop environment, while VNC is more limited but can be useful for graphical remote sessions.
• Q: How do I update packages before installing GNOME?
  A: Run apt update && apt upgrade -y to update your package lists and upgrade installed software.